Visit the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (Dome of Florence)

Discover the Magnificence of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, Commonly Known as the Florence Duomo—One of the City’s Most Iconic and Fascinating Symbols

This extraordinary piece of architecture is not just a church—it’s a true artistic and historical masterpiece that invites visitors to immerse themselves in Florence’s rich heritage.

The Florence Duomo Complex: An Unmissable Experience

Located in the picturesque Piazza San Giovanni, the Duomo complex includes several exceptional monuments: the majestic Cathedral, Giotto’s Bell Tower, the breathtaking ascent to Brunelleschi’s Dome, the Baptistery of San Giovanni, the Opera del Duomo Museum, and the crypt of the early Christian church of Santa Reparata. At first glance, the vivid and harmonious marble patterns—white from Carrara, green from Prato, and pink from Siena—will leave you speechless.

How to Visit the Duomo Complex

While the climb to the dome and bell tower might seem challenging, the visit is well-organized and accessible. There are three types of tickets (check the official website for current prices) that allow access to different monuments within the complex:

• Brunelleschi Pass (€30): Includes the Baptistery, Giotto’s Bell Tower, Brunelleschi’s Dome, Opera del Duomo Museum, and Santa Reparata.

• Giotto Pass (€20): Includes the Bell Tower, Baptistery, Museum, and Santa Reparata.

• Ghiberti Pass (€15): Includes the Baptistery, Museum, and Santa Reparata.

Practical Tips:Backpacks and bags are not allowed inside the monuments. However, you can leave your belongings for free at the cloakroom next to the entrance of the Opera del Duomo Museum.

1. The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore

Construction of the cathedral began in 1296 under the direction of Arnolfo di Cambio. Today, it is recognized as one of the world’s greatest masterpieces of religious architecture. Its imposing dome, designed by Filippo Brunelleschi, is the undisputed symbol of Florence. The construction took about 140 years and involved great architects like Giotto and Pisano. The final Neo-Gothic façade was designed by De Fabris.

The interior is simple and minimally decorated. Some original pieces are now housed in the Opera del Duomo Museum. Entry is free, though you may encounter long lines during peak hours—arriving early in the morning or attending Sunday Mass can offer a more authentic visit.

Opening hours: 10:15 AM – 4:45 PM, every day except Sundays and religious holidays.

2. Brunelleschi’s Dome

The crown jewel of the complex: climbing Brunelleschi’s Dome is a unique experience. At 115 meters high and 45 meters in diameter, this architectural marvel is both an engineering and artistic triumph. The 463-step climb through narrow corridors and spiral staircases offers breathtaking views of Florence and a close-up look at the magnificent frescoes by Giorgio Vasari.

Always book the Brunelleschi Pass in advance: visits are limited and follow precise schedules, which must be strictly observed. The climb requires good physical condition and is not recommended for those with claustrophobia or vertigo.

Opening hours:Monday – Saturday: 8:15 AM – 7:30 PMSunday: 12:45 PM – 5:15 PM(Subject to change for special events or adverse weather.)

3. Giotto’s Bell Tower

Standing to the right of the Cathedral, Giotto’s Bell Tower rises to 84 meters and offers a great alternative to climbing the dome. With its 398 steps, it provides spectacular views and the chance to capture beautiful photos of the city. It’s a more affordable and often more accessible option, perfect if you want a high vantage point without tackling the full dome climb. At the top, a protective net partially obstructs the view, but the Florentine skyline is still impressive.

Hours & Tickets:Open daily (excluding holidays) from 8:15 AM to 7:45 PM. Tickets can be purchased online or on-site.

4. The Crypt of Santa Reparata: A Hidden Treasure Underground

Beneath the Cathedral lies a fascinating archaeological site—the remains of the early Christian church of Santa Reparata, the foundation on which the Duomo was built. Dating back to 405 AD, the church was discovered during 1965 excavations and is now accessible via a dedicated underground path showcasing mosaics, tombs, and early evidence of Christian worship in Florence. A highlight is Brunelleschi’s tomb, marked by a simple stone.

Opening & Accessibility:Hours are the same as the Cathedral. Unfortunately, due to stairs, the site is not wheelchair accessible.

5. The Baptistery of San Giovanni

Facing the Cathedral’s main façade, the Baptistery is one of Florence’s oldest and most iconic buildings. Built between the 11th and 13th centuries in Romanesque style, it is renowned for its golden ceiling mosaics depicting the Last Judgment and its historic bronze doors—especially the "Gates of Paradise" by Lorenzo Ghiberti. The original doors are now displayed in the Opera del Duomo Museum and are considered masterpieces of Renaissance bronze art.

6. Opera del Duomo Museum

A true treasure trove, the Opera del Duomo Museum houses masterpieces of sculpture, sacred decorations, and historic tools related to the complex’s construction. With nearly 750 works—including the original Baptistery doors by Ghiberti, sculptures by Donatello, Michelangelo, and other Florentine masters—this museum is a must-see to gain a deeper understanding of the entire monumental complex.

Hours & Tickets:Open daily (except holidays) from 9:00 AM to 7:45 PM. Entry is included with Brunelleschi, Giotto, and Ghiberti passes.

Tips for an Unforgettable Visit

• Book the Brunelleschi Pass in advance to avoid queues and ensure dome access.

• Arrive early in the morning for the dome or bell tower to avoid crowds.

• Plan your visit over two days to explore at a relaxed pace, especially for the more demanding sites.

• Wear comfortable shoes—you’ll be walking many steps and uneven surfaces.

• Be aware that some parts of the complex are not accessible to those with limited mobility.

• Dress modestly—shoulders and legs should be covered in respect for the sacred space.

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